Which approach would analyze memory, perception, and problem solving as mental processes rather than just observable actions?

Which approach would analyze memory, perception, and problem solving as mental processes rather than just observable actions?

• A. Cognitivism
• B. Behaviorism
• C. Structuralism
• D. Psychoanalysis

Answer: (A)

Memory, perception, and problem solving are internal processes that influence how we behave, and cognitivism treats these mental processes as essential targets of study. It views the mind as an information-processing system, focusing on how information is encoded, stored, retrieved, and transformed, and how we use mental representations to interpret sensations and plan solutions. This emphasis on internal processing distinguishes it from approaches that only look at outward actions. Behaviorism centers on observable behaviors and stimuli–response links, not the mental computations behind them. Structuralism aimed to break down conscious experience into basic elements but did not focus on dynamic information processing and problem solving. Psychoanalysis emphasizes unconscious motives and past experiences rather than current cognitive processing.

Memory, perception, and problem solving are internal processes that influence how we behave, and cognitivism treats these mental processes as essential targets of study. It views the mind as an information-processing system, focusing on how information is encoded, stored, retrieved, and transformed, and how we use mental representations to interpret sensations and plan solutions. This emphasis on internal processing distinguishes it from approaches that only look at outward actions. Behaviorism centers on observable behaviors and stimuli–response links, not the mental computations behind them. Structuralism aimed to break down conscious experience into basic elements but did not focus on dynamic information processing and problem solving. Psychoanalysis emphasizes unconscious motives and past experiences rather than current cognitive processing.